What is my full retirement age?
Full retirement age is the single most important number in your Social Security planning. It determines how much you get, how much you lose by filing early, and how much you gain by waiting. Most people don't even know theirs.
Dr. Ed Weir, PhD · 20 years inside Social Security · "Former" Sergeant, USMC
Updated April 2026
What is my full retirement age?
Your full retirement age depends on when you were born. If you were born in 1960 or later, it's 67. Born between 1943 and 1954, it's 66. Between those years, it phases up by two months per year. FRA is the age at which you receive 100% of your Primary Insurance Amount — no reduction for filing early, no bonus for waiting.
When you're ready for Medicare — usually at 65
Free help from licensed Medicare advisors
If you're approaching 65, Medicare decisions come next. Chapter Medicare is a free service with licensed advisors. Tell them Dr. Ed sent you.
Here's what to do.
Whether you're deciding when to file or trying to understand a benefit estimate, start by locking in your FRA. Everything else follows from this number.
1. Look up your birth year and lock in your FRA
Your full retirement age is set by law based on your birth year. If you were born in 1960 or later, it's 67. Period. If you were born between 1943 and 1954, it's 66. Between those years, it phases up by two months per year.
Write this number down. Every other Social Security decision — when to file, how much you'll lose by going early, how much you'll gain by waiting — starts from this number.
SSA FRA chart ›2. Check your personalized benefit estimate at 62, FRA, and 70
Log in to ssa.gov/myaccount and pull up your retirement estimator. It shows three numbers: what you'd get at 62, at your FRA, and at 70. The gap between 62 and 70 is often more than two thousand dollars per month.
This is the most important 15 minutes you'll spend before making your filing decision. Don't skip it.
SSA my account ›3. Understand exactly how early filing reduces your check
Every month you file before your FRA reduces your benefit permanently. The reduction is 5/9 of 1% per month for the first 36 months, and 5/12 of 1% for each additional month. Filing 5 years early (at 62 with FRA of 67) means a 30% permanent cut.
This is not temporary. It does not go back up. The only exception is if you withdraw your application within 12 months and repay everything.
SSA reduction chart ›4. Know how delayed credits boost your check past FRA
For every month you delay past your FRA, SSA adds 2/3 of 1% — that's 8% per year. Wait from 67 to 70 and your check is 24% higher than at FRA, permanently. Credits stop at 70.
Knowing your FRA tells you the pivot point: file before it and your check shrinks, file after it and your check grows. At FRA you get exactly 100% of your PIA.
SSA delayed credits ›2026 full retirement age numbers
Which of these sounds more like you?
Your FRA changes everything about the math. Pick the situation that fits you.
I'm thinking about filing before my FRAHow early filing permanently reduces your check
If your FRA is 67 and you file at 62, your monthly check is permanently reduced by 30%. That's 5/9 of 1% per month for the first 36 months before FRA, and 5/12 of 1% for any additional months.
The maximum at 62 in 2026 is $2,969/mo/month vs. $4,152/mo at FRA. Over a 20-year retirement, filing at 62 instead of 67 costs you tens of thousands of dollars. Run the numbers at ssa.gov/myaccount before deciding.
I'm past my FRA and considering delaying to 70Delayed credits and the 70 cutoff
For every month you delay past FRA, SSA adds 2/3 of 1% to your benefit — 8% per year. Delay from 67 to 70 and your check is 24% bigger, permanently. The maximum at 70 in 2026 is $5,181/mo/month.
Credits stop accumulating at 70. There is zero benefit to waiting past 70. If you're already 70 and haven't filed, do it now — every month past 70 is money you're leaving on the table.
I was born between 1955 and 1959FRA phases up by 2 months per year in this range
FRA for born 1943–1954 = 66. Then it phases up: 1955 = 66 and 2 months, 1956 = 66 and 4 months, 1957 = 66 and 6 months, 1958 = 66 and 8 months, 1959 = 66 and 10 months, 1960 or later = 67.
One quirk: if your birthday is January 1, SSA treats you as born the previous December. So someone born January 1, 1960 has the same FRA as someone born December 31, 1959 — 66 and 10 months, not 67.
How does my FRA affect my spouse's benefits?The 50% spousal rule and how FRA connects
Your spouse can claim up to 50% of your PIA once you've filed. That 50% is based on your FRA benefit amount, not what you're actually receiving. If you filed early and your check is reduced, your spouse's 50% is still based on the full PIA.
The flip side: if you delayed past FRA and your check grew, your spouse's benefit is still capped at 50% of your PIA. Your delay doesn't increase their spousal amount.
I'm working and collecting before my FRAThe earnings test and how FRA ends it
If you're under FRA and working while collecting Social Security, the earnings test applies. In 2026, SSA withholds $1 for every $2 you earn above $24,480. In the year you reach FRA, the limit jumps to $65,160 and the withholding drops to $1 for every $3.
From your FRA month on — no limit at all. And every dollar withheld comes back as a higher check after FRA. It's a timing rule, not a penalty.
What about Medicare — does FRA matter?Medicare starts at 65 regardless of your FRA
Medicare starts at 65, regardless of your FRA. If your FRA is 67 and you're delaying Social Security, you still need to sign up for Medicare Part B during the 7-month window around your 65th birthday. Missing it triggers a permanent premium penalty.
Don't confuse the two clocks. Social Security FRA and Medicare enrollment age are completely separate.
I'm helping someone else understand their FRABystander — I'm not the one filing
If you're helping a parent or spouse figure out their FRA, the most useful thing you can do is help them log in to ssa.gov/myaccount and see their personalized estimates at 62, FRA, and 70. The real numbers usually make the decision clear.
None of these fit my situationLet's figure it out together
Every situation is different. Open a chat with Dr. Ed and describe what's going on — your birth year, work status, spouse situation, and what you're trying to decide. I'll walk through the rules as they apply to you.
Knowing your FRA unlocks more than just your retirement check.
People approaching retirement age often qualify for programs they've never heard of. Here are the ones most relevant to you.
Medicare Savings Program (MSP)
If your income is modest in retirement, the Medicare Savings Program may cover your Part B premium — $202.90/month — plus deductibles and copays. Most people who qualify never apply because nobody tells them.
Extra Help (Low Income Subsidy)
Extra Help — also called LIS — can reduce your Medicare Part D prescription drug costs to near zero. SSA administers this separately from Medicare. Apply directly at SSA.
Medicaid
If your retirement income is below your state's threshold, you may qualify for Medicaid even while receiving Social Security. Medicaid and Medicare work together to cover what Medicare leaves out.
SNAP (Food Benefits)
Seniors routinely underestimate SNAP eligibility. The gross income limit for a household of one is $2,510/mo/month in 2026. If your income is modest, check before assuming you don't qualify.
LIHEAP (Energy Bill Help)
LIHEAP helps retirees on fixed incomes pay heating and cooling bills. Federally funded, state administered. Apply through your local energy assistance office.
Property Tax Relief
Most states offer senior property tax exemptions, deferrals, or circuit-breaker credits. If you're retired and own a home, check your state's relief programs. Among the most under-claimed benefits in the country.
Everything people ask me
What is full retirement age and why does it matter?
Full retirement age is the age at which you receive 100% of your Primary Insurance Amount — the benefit SSA calculated from your 35 highest-earning years. File before FRA and your check is permanently reduced. File after and it grows by 8% per year up to age 70.
For anyone born in 1960 or later, FRA is 67. For those born 1943–1954, it's 66. Between those birth years, it phases up by two months per year.
What is FRA for someone born in 1960 or later?
67. No exceptions, no phase-in. If you were born in 1960, 1965, 1970, or any year after — your full retirement age is 67.
Does my exact birthday change my FRA?
Yes — but only in one specific case. If your birthday is January 1, SSA treats you as if you were born in the previous year. This can shift your FRA by two months compared to someone born just one day later.
For everyone else, your FRA is determined by your birth year per the standard chart.
How much is my benefit reduced if I file before FRA?
The reduction is permanent and calculated month by month:
5/9 of 1% per month for the first 36 months before FRA. 5/12 of 1% per month for any additional months.
For someone with FRA of 67 filing at 62 (60 months early): the reduction is 30%. At 63: about 25%. At 64: about 20%. At 65: about 13.3%. At 66: about 6.7%.
How much more do I get if I delay past FRA?
For every month past FRA that you delay, SSA adds 2/3 of 1% to your benefit. That's 8% per year. If your FRA is 67 and you wait until 70, your check is 24% higher than at FRA, permanently.
In 2026, the maximum at FRA is $4,152/mo/month. At 70, it's $5,181/mo. Credits stop at 70 — there's no benefit to waiting past that.
Should I file at my FRA or wait until 70?
It depends on how long you expect to live. If you're in good health and expect to live past 82, waiting to 70 almost always pays more in total lifetime benefits. If your health is poor, filing at FRA — or even earlier — may make more sense.
The break-even point between filing at 67 (FRA) vs. 70 is typically around age 82–83.
Is FRA the same for spousal and survivor benefits?
Spousal benefits use the same FRA as retirement benefits — 67 for anyone born 1960 or later. Survivor benefits have a slightly different FRA schedule that can be earlier. For most people the difference is small, but it matters for claiming strategy.
The key distinction: deemed filing applies to spousal benefits but NOT to survivor benefits. That means survivors can take one benefit first and switch later — a flexibility that spouses don't have.
Do I have to sign up for Medicare at my FRA?
No — Medicare starts at 65, not at your FRA. They're separate programs on separate clocks. If your FRA is 67 and you're delaying Social Security, you still need to enroll in Medicare Part B during the 7-month window around your 65th birthday.
Missing that window without qualifying employer coverage triggers a permanent Part B premium penalty of 10% for every 12 months you were late. The 2026 standard premium is $202.90/month.
Sources
Every figure and rule on this page is verified against primary sources. Last verified 2026.
- Max benefit at FRA 2026 = $4,152/mo —ssa.gov(verified 2026-04-27)
- Max benefit at 70 (2026 new retiree) = $5,181/mo —ssa.gov(verified 2026-04-27)
- Max benefit at 62 (2026) = $2,969/mo —ssa.gov(verified 2026-04-27)
- Earnings test under-FRA 2026 = $24,480/yr ($1 withheld per $2 over) —ssa.gov(verified 2026-04-27)
- Earnings test FRA-year 2026 = $65,160 ($1 per $3 over, months before FRA) —ssa.gov(verified 2026-04-27)
- Early filing reduction at 62 vs FRA-67 = 30% —ssa.gov(verified 2026-04-27)
- Delayed retirement credit = 2/3 of 1% per month (8%/yr). At 70 w/ FRA 67: 124% of PIA. —ssa.gov(verified 2026-04-27)
- FRA for born 1960 or later = 67 —ssa.gov(verified 2026-04-27)
- Reduction formula: 5/9 of 1% per month for first 36 months before FRA; 5/12 of 1% per month beyond that —ssa.gov(verified 2026-04-27)
- PIA formula uses 35 highest-earning years indexed for inflation (AIME calculation) —ssa.gov(verified 2026-04-27)
- Spousal benefit max = 50% of worker's PIA, based on PIA (FRA amount) not on actual collected amount. Worker's early-filing reduction does not reduce spousal amount. —secure.ssa.gov(verified 2026-05-07)
- Spousal benefit eligibility requires the worker to have filed. Spouse cannot claim spousal benefits on a worker's record until the worker has filed. —secure.ssa.gov(verified 2026-05-07)
- Form SSA-521 (Request for Withdrawal of Application) allows withdrawing a Social Security application within 12 months of the first benefit payment. Repayment of all benefits paid (including to … —secure.ssa.gov(verified 2026-05-08)
- FRA chart for born 1943-1959: 1943-1954 = 66; 1955 = 66 and 2 months; 1956 = 66 and 4 months; 1957 = 66 and 6 months; 1958 = 66 and 8 months; 1959 = 66 and 10 months. (Born 1960 or later = 67, covered … —ssa.gov(verified 2026-04-29)
- January 1 birthday SSA rule: SSA treats anyone born January 1 of any year as if born December 31 of the prior year for FRA purposes (attainment-of-age rule). Example: born January 1, 1960 has FRA of … —ssa.gov(verified 2026-05-08)
- Full retirement age = the age at which the worker receives 100% of their Primary Insurance Amount (PIA). No early-filing reduction; no delayed retirement credit at FRA exactly. PIA is the benefit … —ssa.gov(verified 2026-04-29)
- Survivor benefits use a slightly earlier FRA schedule than retirement benefits. For born 1962+, survivor FRA = 67 (matches retirement FRA). For earlier birth cohorts, survivor FRA reaches 66 a few … —secure.ssa.gov(verified 2026-05-07)
- Deemed filing rule: For those born January 2, 1954 or later, claiming retirement benefits triggers a deemed claim of any spousal benefit available (and vice versa). Deemed filing does NOT apply to … —ssa.gov(verified 2026-04-27)
- Medicare Part B standard premium 2026 = $202.90/mo —cms.gov(verified 2026-04-27)
- Medicare Part B late enrollment penalty = 10% of standard premium for every 12 months of delay (without qualifying employer coverage). Penalty is permanent — added to premium for life. —medicare.gov(verified 2026-05-07)
- Medicare Initial Enrollment Period (IEP) = 7 months: 3 months before, the month of, and 3 months after the 65th birthday. Missing the IEP without qualifying employer coverage triggers a permanent Part … —medicare.gov(verified 2026-05-07)
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